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<正>Membrane receptor tyrosine kinases (RTK), such as platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptors (PDGFR), play pivotal roles in promoting cellular growth and proliferation by transducing extracellular stimuli to intracellular signaling circuits. RTK-PI3K-AKT-mTOR pathway is frequently altered in tumors. Inactivating mutations of either the TSC1 or the TSC2 tumor suppressor genes cause tuberous sclerosis complex, a benign tumor syndrome, featured