一、政治制度与宪章阿拉伯埃及共和国(以下简称埃及)是伊斯兰文化花园里一棵璀璨的奇葩,始建于公元972年的艾资哈尔清真寺,是开罗第一座清真寺,时至今日,因这座闻名遐迩的清真寺,埃及依然是世界伊斯兰文化的中心。埃及也是阿拉伯世界最大的国家,20世纪末人口已达到约6598万。①公元641年哈里发欧麦尔时期,在阿慕尔·本·阿斯的率领下,穆斯林征服了埃及;此后埃及受到正统哈里发国家、倭马亚王朝和阿拔斯王朝的统辖;之后建立了图伦王朝和伊赫什德王朝;公元10世纪末 I. Political system and charter The Arab Republic of Egypt (hereinafter referred to as Egypt) is a shining exotic flower in the Islamic Cultural Garden. It was the first mosque in Cairo since it was built in AD 972, This famous mosque, Egypt remains the center of Islamic culture in the world. Egypt is also the largest country in the Arab world. At the end of the 20th century, the population had reached about 65.98 million. ① During the Caliphate Umar in AD 641, Muslims conquered Egypt under the leadership of Amur bin Asmara; thereafter Egypt was governed by the orthodox caliphate, Umayyad and Abbasid dynasties; Tulum Dynasty and Ishshur dynasty; the end of the 10th century AD