主权理论,我们通常归功于博丹、霍布斯以及卢梭。尤其是博丹,他被尊奉为现代主权理论的鼻祖;而卢梭,则通常被认为是“人民主权”理论的集大成者。但是,“人民主权”的实践和理论早就有之,是西方的重要历史传统。早在古希腊和罗马时代的民主城邦中,全体市民作为城邦的主人,在实质上就享有了城邦的“主权”。虽然经历了中世纪的封建体制以及王权政治,西方在中世纪后期还是出现了“人民主权”的理论萌芽。典型的是,在14世纪,西方的政治神学家、政治哲学家和罗 Sovereignty theory, we usually owe to Bo Dan, Hobbes and Rousseau. In particular, he is revered as the originator of modern sovereignty theory; Rousseau, on the other hand, is generally regarded as a master of the “people’s sovereignty” theory. However, the practice and theory of “people’s sovereignty” have long existed and are an important historical tradition in the West. As early as in the democratic city-states of ancient Greece and Rome, all citizens, as the masters of the city-state, enjoy the “sovereignty” of the city-state in essence. Although experienced the medieval feudal system and the monarchical politics, the western emerged the theoretical germ of “people’s sovereignty” in the late Middle Ages. Typically, in the 14th century Western political theologians, political philosophers, and Luo