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20世纪80年代,当拉美一些国家相继发生债务危机而东亚“四小龙”迅速崛起后,国内外许多学者往往从经济发展战略或发展模式的视角,把拉美一些国家工业化发展的起伏和东亚国家(地区)经济发展的起飞,简单地归结为一方采取“进口替代”内向发展,另一方采取“出口导向”外向发展战略的结果。本文通过对较有代表性的巴西和韩国工业化发展进程的比较分析,对上述结论提出了质疑。认为两地工业化发展起落变化的主要原因,是由于双方工业化发展进程所处的经济、政治、历史、文化背景和内外环境不同,政策措施在实施过程中,受诸多因素影响而形成的体制、机制等不同所致,并从中归纳出了可供发展中国家借鉴的一些启示。
In the 1980s, when the debt crises occurred in several countries in Latin America and the “four small dragons” in East Asia rapidly developed, many scholars at home and abroad often analyzed the ups and downs of industrialization in some countries in Latin America and East Asia from the perspective of economic development strategy or development mode. The take-off of the economic development of a country or region simply comes down to the result that one party adopts the inward development of import substitution and the other adopts the export-oriented development strategy. This article raises the above conclusion by comparing the representative process of industrialization in Brazil and South Korea. The main reason for the ups and downs in the industrialization development of the two places is that the systems and mechanisms formed under the influence of many factors during the implementation of the policy measures due to the different economic, political, historical, cultural backgrounds and internal and external environments in which the two industrialized development processes are located, Etc., and draw some enlightenments that developing countries can learn from.