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本文选取15本流传于19世纪广州方言地区的木鱼书作品,对其句式、声调和用韵三方面特点进行研究。在句式方面,认为“七字格句式”为基本句式,并有“三字格句式”等六种常用句式;另有“7+7”等五种常用句式组合;所有句式均以4/4拍节奏型为基础发展出相应节奏型而调控说唱节奏。在声调方面,分别得出了七字格句式的“三仄四平”与“三平四仄”、句式组合中最后一字的“上句仄下句平”以及文段最后一字声调必为阳平三个特点。在用韵方面,分析了木鱼书不同句式的押韵位置;总结了3个常用韵、7个次常用韵和11个不常用韵;归纳了“近韵互用”、“韵母组合”以及“文段一韵(韵组)到底”三个用韵特点。
In this paper, we select 15 wood-fish books circulating in the dialect area of Guangzhou in the 19th century, and study the characteristics of the sentence, tone and rhyme. In terms of sentences, we think that “seven-character sentence pattern” is the basic sentence pattern, and there are six commonly used sentences such as “three-character sentence pattern” and other five kinds of “7 + 7” Common sentence combinations; all sentences are based on 4/4 beat rhythm pattern based on the development of the corresponding rhythm and regulation of rap rhythm. In the aspect of tone, we have respectively drawn “seven levels and four levels” and “three levels and four levels” in the pattern of seven characters, the last sentence of “ The last word of the paragraph must be Yang Ping three characteristics. In terms of rhyme, this paper analyzes the rhyming position of different sentence patterns of wooden fish book. It summarizes three commonly used rhymes, seven commonly used rhymes and eleven uncommon rhymes. It concludes that ”near rhyme mutual“, ”vowel combination “And ” paragraph a rhyme (rhyme group) in the end "three rhyme features.