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以棉花秸秆为原料,ZnCl_2与AlCl_3组成的熔盐为活化剂,采用化学活化法制备活性炭。利用正交实验探讨了熔盐与原料比例、ZnCl_2与AlCl_3的比例、浸渍时间、活化温度、保温时间对制备的活性炭收率和碘吸附性能的影响,得到了熔盐活化法制备棉杆活性炭的最佳工艺条件:熔盐与棉杆比例为1.5:1、熔盐中ZnCl_2与AlCl_3比例为9:1、浸渍时间16 h、活化温度650℃、保温时间90 min,在此工艺条件下制备的活性炭的收率为23.06%,碘吸附值为708.32 mg/g;采用SEM和XED对制备的活性炭进行表征,结果表明:活性炭的表面分布了发达的、大小形状不一样的孔洞,且活性炭内部是由类石墨结构组成的,但石墨微晶层片排列比较紊乱,石墨化程度不高。
The cotton straw as raw material, ZnCl_2 and AlCl_3 molten salt as activator, activated carbon prepared by chemical activation. The effects of the ratio of molten salt to raw material, the ratio of ZnCl 2 to AlCl 3, the impregnation time, the activation temperature and the holding time on the yield of activated carbon and the adsorption capacity of iodine were discussed by orthogonal experiments. The optimum conditions were as follows: the ratio of molten salt to cotton stalks was 1.5: 1, the ratio of ZnCl 2 to AlCl 3 in the molten salt was 9: 1, the impregnation time was 16 h, the activation temperature was 650 ℃ and the holding time was 90 min. The yield of activated carbon was 23.06%, and the iodine adsorption value was 708.32 mg / g. The prepared activated carbon was characterized by SEM and XED. The results showed that the surface of activated carbon distributed well-developed pores with different size and shape, By the graphite-like structure, but the graphite microcrystalline layers arranged disorder, graphitization is not high.