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家长行使惩戒权时忽视未成年人存在过错这一前提条件,或违反了惩戒权行使应遵循的原则尤其是比例原则时,就构成惩戒权的滥用,构成犯罪的需受刑法调整。依据国际上普遍奉行的儿童最大利益原则、尊重和保障人权要求,结合我国“法不入家门”观念兴盛的时代背景,可知现行刑法规制家长惩戒权滥用行为具有合理性。在具体规制时,需严格相关罪刑条款尤其是虐待罪、侮辱罪、非法拘禁罪、故意伤害罪的适用,将虐待罪和侮辱罪的主观要件理解为包括直接故意和间接故意,虐待行为必须具有经常性和持续性,侮辱行为包括非暴力的动作侮辱方式,对其构成要件中的情节恶劣或情节严重进行准确认定;非法拘禁罪中家长需是故意剥夺未成年人人身自由持续达24小时以上才能构成本罪;家长对被害人造成神经上的打击也可能构成故意伤害罪,且需区分此罪与虐待罪、一般殴打行为的差别。此外,在对家长惩戒权滥用行为进行刑罚裁量时,需考虑家长与未成年人之间的特殊亲属关系,不能一刀切地全部从重处罚,而应遵循罪责刑相适应原则、儿童成长利益最大化原则、恢复性司法理念。
When parents exercise their right of discipline, they neglect the precondition of minors’ existence of fault or violate the principles of the exercise of disciplinary rights, especially the principle of proportionality, which constitute the abuse of the right to discipline. According to the international best-interest principle of children, respecting and safeguarding human rights requirements, combined with the background of our country’s notion of “not getting into law at home”, we can see that the abuse of disciplinary rights of parents under criminal law is justified. In the specific regulation, strictly related to the terms of the crime should be abusive, insulting, unlawful detention, the crime of intentional assault, the subjective element of abuse and insult should be understood to include direct and indirect intentional, abusive behavior must have Regular and persistent, insulting behavior, including non-violent ways of action insults, accurately determine the circumstances of its constituent elements or the circumstances are serious; parents of illegal detention should be deliberately deprived of minors freedom of life for more than 24 hours Can constitute the crime; Parents of the victims of the neurological attacks may also constitute a crime of intentional injury, and the need to distinguish between this crime and abuse, the general assault behavior differences. In addition, when punishing parents for their abusive behavior, we must consider the special kinship between parents and minors. We should not impose heavier punishment on a one-and-a-half basis. Instead, we should follow the principles of maximizing the benefits of children, , Restorative justice concept.