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本文是法国著名历史学家和城市规划学家弗朗索瓦兹.邵艾的一篇学术讲稿,基于由其主持编著的关于奥斯曼的《回忆录》一书,详细地阐述了奥斯曼巴黎大改造的时代背景、社会状况、规划政策和实施技术。作者用辩证历史主义的观点,对这项一直闻名于世又饱受争议的城市工程进行了深刻的剖析。作者对奥斯曼巴黎大改造的历史决策、方法措施及其在城市规划历史上的影响力给予了坚决的肯定,对奥斯曼本人对于现代城市规划学科的贡献作出了高度的评价,尤其是奥斯曼所采取的科学的规划研究方法,至今仍然是规划学界的范例。近些年来,国内对奥斯曼的兴趣一直不减,甚至有时候奥斯曼成为某些城市形象工程的学术借口。但是对城市规划案例的分析与评价,不能离开其历史环境和政治、社会与经济条件。今天中国城市所面临的问题,与19世纪中叶的巴黎在工业革命的时代环境下所面临的挑战是否有可比之处?我们所作的规划决策,是否像奥斯曼那样经过科学审慎的研究?全球化时代中的中国城市能否照搬一个半世纪之前法国的做法?政治、社会和文化背景截然不同的城市规划经验如何借鉴?中国城市规划界急需思考这些问题。希望本文的发表能够引发这种思考。原文较长,本刊分两期刊出。
This article is an academic lecture by France’s famous historian and urban planner Francois Shaw, based on his book “The Memoirs” written by Osman. It elaborates on the transformation of the Ottoman Paris Time background, social conditions, planning policies and implementation techniques. From the perspective of dialectical historicalism, the author has conducted a profound analysis of this once-famous and controversial urban project. The author resolutely affirms the historic decision-making, methods and measures of the Ottoman Parisian Grand Reformation and its influence in the history of urban planning, and highly appraise Ottoman’s contribution to modern urban planning disciplines, especially by Ottoman. Scientific planning and research methods are still examples of planning scholars. In recent years, the domestic interest in Ottoman has continued unabated, and sometimes even Ottoman has become an academic excuse for certain city image projects. However, the analysis and evaluation of urban planning cases cannot leave its historical environment and political, social and economic conditions. The problems that Chinese cities face today are comparable to the challenges faced by Paris in the mid-19th century in the era of the Industrial Revolution. Are we making planning decisions that are as scientifically prudent as Ottoman? The era of globalization Can Chinese cities in China replicate the practice of France a century and a half ago? How can political, social, and cultural backgrounds have different experiences in urban planning? The Chinese urban planning community urgently needs to think about these issues. I hope that the publication of this article can lead to this kind of thinking. The original text is relatively long. This journal is divided into two periodicals.