本研究使用胶体碳球为硬模板,合成制备得到La_2Zr_2O_7壳层结构材料。通过X-ray衍射仪、红外光谱仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)等分析技术对材料的物相结构、表面基团、显微结构等进行表征;研究碱处理对胶体碳球表面荷电性质的影响,La~(3+)和Zr~(4+)包裹时的最佳离子浓度比。结果表明,水热法制备胶体碳球的实验条件为:浓度0.3 mol/L、时间8 h、温度190℃;碱处理碳球的最佳条件:5 mol/L Na OH溶液中处理12 h;金属离子La~(3+)和Zr~(4+)包裹碳球的最佳摩尔质量比m(La~(3+)):m(Zr~(4+))=2:1。所得La2Zr2O7空心微球的直径为230 nm,球壳厚度为10~15 nm。 In this study, colloidal carbon spheres were used as hard templates to synthesize La 2 Zr 2 O 7 shell structure materials. The phase structure, surface groups and microstructure of the materials were characterized by X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) The influence of the charge properties on the surface of the sphere, the optimal ion concentration ratio for La ~ (3+) and Zr ~ (4+) inclusions. The results showed that the optimal conditions for the preparation of colloidal carbon spheres were as follows: concentration of 0.3 mol / L, time of 8 h, temperature of 190 ℃; alkali treatment of carbon spheres: 5 mol / L NaOH solution for 12 h; The optimum molar mass ratio of La ~ (3+) and Zr ~ (4+) coated carbon balls is m (La ~ (3 +)): m (Zr ~ (4 +)) = 2: 1. The obtained La2Zr2O7 hollow microspheres have a diameter of 230 nm and a spherical shell thickness of 10-15 nm.