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德国哲学历时三百余年,弥久更新,不仅自身理论繁荣而且世界影响也越来越大。德国哲学自身的复杂理论造成了不应有的理解困难,因此,若从总体上把握她的本质,那么最好是选择一个适当的分析界面,进行个案研究。根据德国哲学的前世与今生,现代性批判恰恰顺应了这一分析的需要,它是自德国古典哲学以来都存在的恒久主题,能够较好地展示德国哲学在不同时期的理论努力。从总进程上看,德国哲学对现代性批判可以分为四个时期,即黑格尔为代表的古典时期、马克斯·韦伯为代表的中新时期、海德格尔为代表的晚近时期和哈贝马斯为代表的新近时期,它们共同展示了德国哲学由近代到现代再到当代的整个历程的变化特征和思想成就。同时,我们还揭示了德国哲学的现代性批判之实质,论证它作为现象学批判之历史客观性以及它对马克思主义在当代发展的影响。
The philosophy of Germany lasted for 300 years and was last updated. Not only its own theory is prosperous, but also its world influence is also growing. The complicated theory of German philosophy itself has caused undue difficulties in understanding. Therefore, if we grasp her essence as a whole, then it is better to choose an appropriate analysis interface and do a case study. According to the past and present life of German philosophy, the critique of modernity exactly conforms to the needs of this analysis. It is a permanent theme that has existed since the classical philosophy of Germany and can well demonstrate the theoretical efforts of German philosophy in different periods. Judging from the overall process, the criticism of modernity in German philosophy can be divided into four periods: the classical period represented by Hegel, the new period represented by Max Weber, the recent period represented by Heidegger, Maas as the representative of the recent period, they jointly demonstrated the German philosophy from modern to modern and contemporary throughout the course of the changing characteristics and ideological achievements. At the same time, we also reveal the essence of the critique of modernity in German philosophy, and demonstrate its historical objectivity as a critique of phenomenology and its impact on the development of Marxism in the contemporary era.