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《尚书》是我国第一部历史资料汇编,由汉至唐,为其作注疏者便层出不穷。到了宋代,学风大变,解经述经也呈现了新的景象。宋儒以己意论《书》,臆断文义、妄测古字,随意删改经文,使《尚书》文本面目全非。更有甚者,以庄老、象数等旁门小技推演《书经》,引经学至虚无,实为解《书》之歧路也。当然,宋代学者阐释《书经》亦有许多创获之处。他们将《尚书》视作求心之书,明圣王之志、救失道人心,充分凸显了人的情感意识与主体精神。除此,宋儒又借《尚书》汇聚大量史料,并将其应用于现实生活之中。此搜罗辑佚之功、经世致用之学,为后继学人提供了便利,同时也指明了方向,其功勋自不可磨灭。这些,均为宋代《尚书》学研究的特点,当并存而论之。
Shangshu is the first compilation of historical materials in our country. By the Song Dynasty, the style of study was drastically changed, and the scriptures also presented a new scene. Song Confucianism has the intention of “book”, assumptions of the text, false interpretation of ancient words, free to delete texts, so that “Shangshu” beyond recognition. What is more, Zhuang Lao, Xiang Qiao, and other extrajudicial skills deduction “Book of Scriptures”, cited by learning to nothingness, in fact, the solution “book” of the same road. Of course, scholars in the Song Dynasty also explained many points of the Book of Songs. They regarded Shangshu as the book of seeking peace, the ambition of Ming Shengwang, and saving the heart of the Taoist people, which fully manifested the human’s emotional awareness and the spirit of the main body. In addition, Song Confucianism borrows a great deal of historical data and applies it to real life. This collection of lost collection of works, the study of the world for the successor to provide convenience, but also pointed out the direction of its meritorious indelible. These are the characteristics of the study of Shangshu in the Song Dynasty.