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对明初有关正统和异端的国家法令文告的论述,必须从正统和异端的定义开始。在中华帝国晚期,我们所谓的正统和异端的含义是什么呢?它们仅存在于社会关系、信仰和学说之中,是一种信仰和学说中的标记,而与现实是相分离的。研究中华帝国晚期的正统和异端,至少应该涵盖两个方面:其一,当时的文化实践,即当时人认为什么是正统,什么是异端的过程。而我则主要关注第二个方面,即标志正统和异端何以区分的过程。这涉及到一定文化因素。
The discourse on the texts of the national decree on the orthodox and heresy of the early Ming must begin with the definition of orthodoxy and heresy. What did we mean by orthodoxy and heresy in the late imperial period of the Chinese Empire? They existed only in social relations, beliefs and doctrines, as a sign of faith and doctrine, but separated from reality. The study of orthodoxy and heresy in the late imperial China should cover at least two aspects. First, the cultural practice at that time was the process by which people considered what was orthodox and what was heresy. And my main concern is the second aspect, the process of distinguishing the orthodoxy and the heretics. This involves a certain cultural factors.