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现代派文学的观念和实践与大都会的社会文化环境有着密切联系。现代派作家的生活方式、价值观念及其艺术实践是对19世纪后期至20世纪初大都会文化的心理和美学回应。本文描述了19世纪中期至20世纪初大都会诗人作为“受难者”、“流浪者”和“叛逆者”的自我意识,勾勒了现代派作家对于资产阶级价值观念的对抗姿态;分析了波德莱尔诗歌中的诗人形象,詹姆斯·乔伊斯的自我放逐及其小说中的都柏林形象和他独特的城市观;并从弗兰茨·卡夫卡作为办公室职员和作家的双重身份及其生存困境,他小说中象征性的城市空间及人际关系,阐述了“城市作为社会共同体”这一传统观念的解体和现代城市社会社群的彻底瓦解。
The concept and practice of modernist literature are closely linked with the social and cultural environment of the metropolis. The way of life, values and artistic practice of modernist writers are psychological and aesthetic responses to the metropolitan culture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This article describes the self-awareness of metropolitan poets as “victims”, “wanderers” and “rebels” from the mid-19th and early 20th centuries, and sketches the confrontation between modernist writers and bourgeois values Attitude; analysis of the poet image in Baudelaire’s poetry, James Joyce’s self-exile and his novels in Dublin image and his unique view of the city; and from Franz Kafka as the office staff and writer His dual identity and his survival predicament, the symbolic urban space and his interpersonal relationships in his novels, elaborated the disintegration of the traditional concept of “the city as a social community” and the complete dissolution of the modern urban social community.