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教会与国家的二元论思想,认为以教皇为首的教会和世俗政权应该有各自不同的管辖范围,前者负责宗教事务,后者负责国家治理。这一理论力图将教会与国家之间的分工界定清楚,既排除世俗政权对宗教事务的干涉,又能建立教会与国家之间的合作关系。但在复杂的中世纪西欧现实政治中,要做出这样的区分是很难的,教会与国家之间互相渗透,又常常发生冲突。英诺森三世正是在艰难时世之中,恪守着教会与国家二元权威的基本原则。
The idea of dualism between the church and the state holds that the Pope-led churches and the secular regimes should each have their own jurisdiction. The former is responsible for religious affairs while the latter is responsible for state governance. This theory seeks to make the division of labor between the church and the state clear. It not only rules out the interference of secular regimes in religious affairs, but also establishes the cooperative relationship between the church and the state. However, it is very difficult to make such a distinction in the complicated Middle Eastern political realities of the Middle Ages. The church and the state are infiltrating each other and clashes often occur. Incest III is precisely in the difficult world, abide by the basic principles of the dual authority of the church and the state.