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自给自足和专业化分工是人们组织经济两种不同的方式。用自给自足的办法不产生交易成本但收益极低。用专业化分工的方式组织经济获得递增规模报酬,但其代价是支付交易成本和学习成本。前者包括内生交易成本和外生交易成本:后者包括一般知识和专门知识的生产和传播成本。广义交易成本包括全部这些成本。基于这样的理解,本文的经验研究表明,仅从国民经济账户中的“劳动报酬”考察,中国1978年以来广义交易成本在总成本中的比例从45.4%增加到69.8%(2004),占GDP的7.1% (1978)增加到8.6%(2004)。考虑包括“劳动报酬”在内的全部4个组成部分,在全部GDP中,中国广义交易成本从1998年的52.4%～58.1%增加到2003年的54.8%～60.8%。广义交易成本总量和比重随着经济增长而增长。
Self-sufficiency and specialization are two different ways in which people organize their economy. Using self-sufficiency does not result in transaction costs but low returns. Organize the economy to receive incremental returns in a specialized division of labor, at the expense of paying transaction costs and learning costs. The former includes endogenous transaction costs and exogenous transaction costs: the latter includes the costs of production and dissemination of general knowledge and expertise. Generalized transaction costs include all of these costs. Based on this understanding, this empirical study shows that only from the “labor remuneration” in the national economy accounts, the proportion of generalized transaction costs in China’s total cost since 1978 has increased from 45.4% to 69.8% (2004) 7.1% of GDP (1978) to 8.6% (2004). Considering all four components, including “labor remuneration,” China’s generalized transaction costs increased from 52.4% to 58.1% in 1998 to 54.8% to 60.8% in 2003 for all GDP. The total amount and proportion of general transaction costs increase with economic growth.