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举凡世界上的宗教,产生背景虽不完全一样,但就其对教徒的要求来看,都要教徒惩忿窒欲,淡泊中和,从良从善,祛邪归正,积德行善。由于两宋政府奉行包容宽松的儒、佛、道三教并举的宗教文化政策,并且商品经济高度繁荣,这些都极大地影响着宋代的佛教及佛教徒、道教及道教徒,不仅促使僧道这一特殊群体极度膨胀,而且宋代僧道已由超然尘俗之外、不食人间烟火的宗教徒日益向世俗方面转化。南宋文坛巨擘洪迈独撰的志怪小说集《夷坚志》中,就大量披露了宋代僧道的另一面,亦即世俗化的一面:不守戒律、奸淫女性、揶揄民众、浮浪四方、偷盗财物等,与佛教、道教的教规教义及禁律戒条、佛道徒的特质格格不入。宋代部分僧道的世俗化做派,已严重威胁到广大世俗民众的人身与财产安全。如何加强对佛道及佛道徒的有效管理,使佛道真正发挥“修心化人”、劝人向真向善,以及安定社会等方面的积极作用,使佛道徒真正成为践行佛道仪轨、持守佛道戒律、弘扬佛法道经精髓的德行双馨的僧道,已成为宋代统治者在治国理政方面面临的一个严肃而重大的问题。
All religions in the world, although not entirely the same in terms of their background, are to be disciplined and indoctrinated by their believers’ demands. They should be indifferent to and neutralize their religion, and practice goodness, good deeds and good fortune. Since the two Song governments pursued a religious and cultural policy of inclusive liberalization of Confucianism, Buddhism and Taoism, and a highly prosperous commodity economy, these greatly influenced Buddhism and Buddhism, Taoism and Taoism in Song Dynasty. They not only promoted monks A special group of extremely swollen, and the Song Dynasty monks have been alienated from the dusty, non-human religion and religious increasingly converted to secular aspects. Southern Song literary giant Hong Mai autobiography Zhigu novel collection “Yi Jianzhi”, a large number of disclosed the other side of the Song Dynasty monks, that is, the secular side: non-observance of the precepts, adulteress women, wandering the public, floating the Quartet, Theft of property, etc., is incompatible with Buddhist and Taoist teachings and prohibitions, Buddhism and Taoism. The secularization of some monks in the Song Dynasty has seriously threatened the personal and property safety of the vast secular people. How to strengthen the effective management of Buddhism and Taoism and Buddhism, so that Buddhism and Taoism can truly play a role of “cultivating people,” persuading people to seek truth from facts, and stabilizing society so that Buddhists and Taoists become truly It has become a serious and important issue that the rulers of the Song Dynasty face in managing state affairs and administration that the Buddhism and Taoist rituals hold the precepts of Buddhism and Taoism and carry forward the essence of Buddhism and Taoism.