目的观察婴幼儿支气管肺炎使用抗生素治疗过程中加用微生态制剂枯草杆菌二联活菌对继发腹泻的防治作用。方法120例支气管肺炎患儿随机分为预防组(67例)和对照组(53例),两组患儿抗生素使用种类、使用时间相近,预防组在抗生素治疗同时加用微生态制剂枯草杆菌二联活菌颗粒口服预防腹泻,对照组仅使用抗生素治疗,两组继发腹泻后加用蒙脱石散口服,观察两组腹泻的发生率、腹泻发生时间、腹泻停止时间及治疗效果。结果预防组腹泻出现时间迟于对照组[(5.0±0.5)d vs.(3.8±0.3)d](P<0.05),腹泻持续时间和腹泻发生率均低于对照组[(2.01±0.35)d vs.(4.38±0.43)d和11.9%vs.28.3%](P<0.05)。预防组治疗有效率高于对照组(87.5%vs.80.0%)(P<0.05)。结论在婴幼儿支气管肺炎使用抗生素治疗时,加用微生态制剂,可恢复肠道正常菌的生态平衡,防止继发腹泻。 Objective To observe the prevention and treatment of secondary diarrhea caused by the combination of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis and probiotics in the treatment of infantile bronchopneumonia with antibiotics. Methods A total of 120 children with bronchial pneumonia were randomly divided into prevention group (n = 67) and control group (n = 53). The antibiotic use types and the use time were similar in both groups. The prophylaxis group was treated with antibiotics and the probiotics Bacillus subtilis II Diarrhea associated with oral administration of viable bacteria, the control group only treated with antibiotics, two groups of secondary diarrhea with montmorillonite loose oral administration, observed the incidence of diarrhea, diarrhea, diarrhea, stopping time and treatment effect. Results The incidence of diarrhea in prevention group was lower than that in control group [(5.0 ± 0.5) d vs. (3.8 ± 0.3) d] (P <0.05), duration of diarrhea and incidence of diarrhea (2.01 ± 0.35) d vs. 4.38 ± 0.43 and 11.9% vs.28.3%, respectively (P <0.05). The effective rate of prevention group was higher than that of control group (87.5% vs. 80.0%) (P <0.05). Conclusions In the treatment of bronchopneumonia with antibiotics in infants and young children, adding probiotics can restore the ecological balance of normal intestinal bacteria and prevent secondary diarrhea.