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两宋时期,置于“内廷”的翰林天文院与“外朝”的司天监(太史局)在天象观测与奏报的职责上形成了彼此监督、相互制约的依存关系,从而在天文机构的设置上体现出内廷与外朝“互为关防”“互相检察”的特点;同时,为保守天文秘密,中央王朝规定天文官不得与百官臣僚来往,并确立了依据传统《星经》或天文“占书”来解释天象,进而“实封以闻”的天文奏报制度。另一方面,朝廷通过天文、历算、三式三科的策试与考核来选拔天文人才,其中对于历算科的改革体现出切中时务和与时俱进的特点。对于民间天文学,尽管朝廷厉行天文之禁,但官方也注意吸收“私习天文”者进入司天监。南宋以后,民间天文学在“历数”和校正日月交食方面略胜一筹,故朝廷数次降诏征求通晓天文历算的草泽之士。由此,民间“私习天文”的禁令徒具空文,流于形式,南宋的天文政策因而呈现出很大的弹性空间和灵活特征。
During the Song and Song Dynasties, the Hanlin Astronomical Observatory and the Foreign Minister in the “Inner Court” formed the supervisory and restrictive dependencies on the observation and reporting of astronomical phenomena. In the meantime, in order to conserve astronomical secrets, the Central Government dictates that the astronomical officers should not engage with the officials in the bureaucrats and establish the establishment of astronomical institutions. According to the traditional “Star” or astronomy “account book ” to explain the astronomical phenomena, and then “real seal to smell ” astronomical reporting system. On the other hand, the court selected astronomy talents through the test and assessment of astronomy, calendar calculation and three-type three subjects. Among them, the reform of the calendar division reflected the characteristics of cutting down on current affairs and keeping pace with the times. For civil astronomy, although the imperial astrological prohibition of the imperial court, but officials also pay attention to absorb After the Southern Song Dynasty, folk astronomy was slightly better than the “Calendars” and the correction of the lunar eclipse. Therefore, the imperial court decreed several decrees to seek the grass-roots people who knew the astronomical calendar. As a result, the private ban on privately-held astronomy came to light with a mere formality. Therefore, the astronomical policies of the Southern Song Dynasty showed great flexibility and flexibility.