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美国监管法律的历史可以分为早期形成阶段、“新政”期间的发展阶段以及战后的调整阶段。从市场失灵到公共福祉再到社会性监管,在每个发展阶段,监管的目标与对象也在相应变化着。它集合了立法、司法与行政功能于一身,疏离于实体行政法体系之外,反而强调程序的公正性。这些外部特征的背后既有一系列的历史性因素更有来自于普通法精神的决定性影响。这种在美国土生土长的制度安排最终并未被大陆法系的欧洲国家全盘继受,特别是德国的监管行政法已经完成了其融入行政法体系并与一般行政程序规定相衔接的过程。
The history of US regulatory law can be divided into the early formation phase, the development phase during the New Deal and the adjustment phase after the war. From market failure to public welfare to social regulation, the goals and targets of regulation change at every stage of development. It combines the legislative, judicial and administrative functions in one, alienated from the substantive administrative law system, but instead emphasizes the fairness of the procedure. Behind these external characteristics, there are both a series of historical factors that come from the decisive influence of the common law spirit. This kind of institutional arrangement in the United States was not ultimately accepted by civil law countries in Europe. In particular, the supervisory administrative law in Germany has completed its integration into the administrative law system and linked with the provisions of the general administrative procedure.