Chinese food security is facing,and will continue to face the threat of shortage of arable land resources and growing rigid demands for food.The study on Overseas Grain Planting Investment is not only very important for the Chinese food security,but also very significant for the world food security.The Overseas Grain Planting Investment is a development and utilization of "natural resource globalization principle",it is a great difficulty,in addition to all the problems involved with the foreign agricultural investment,foreign direct investment with the purpose of resource acquisition,also with target countries’ sovereignty,land management,food policy and indigenous people’s livelihood.The correct location and extension of target countries is the first step for the better play of advantages,the reduce cost of investment,diversification of risks and sustainable development,for the side of investor countries and for the side of host countries.Therefore,this paper selects "location and extension",which is an item on micro level,to study on the overseas grain planting investment.Around the main line "location and extension of the overseas grain planting investment",the paper studies on 4 problems:First,how is the current status location?About the current status of location,in the literature research method,the paper studies chinese overseas grain planting’s development history and location track since the reform and opening up,composicion of enterprises investors and how was the scale of investment flow and stock,continents and countries where exist chinese grain planting investment,occupation ration and concentration ration on continents and countries by the chinese enterprises.Second,Where will be the ideal target location?About the ideal location,the paper establishes a location choice’s index system and a quantitative model,analisying totally 187 worldwide countries,so that 30 countries are the result of the evaluation as the target location of overseas grain planting investment.Countries are divided into two kinds:the reality net exporter of grains and the potential net exporter of grains.The establishment of the index system,drawing on foreign direct investment and agriculture investment experiences,the existing overseas grain planting investment location selection experiences,guided by Michael Potter’s Competition Advantage Theory as the theoretical guidance,introduces not only the primary factors such as the arable land resources,advanced factors such as supporting infrastructures,but also pays attention to the host government role and other external force’s important role in to enhance competitiveness.Especially the division of two categories of target countries into reality and the potential net food exporters,is an important innovation.Third,Which location is not reasonable,comparing the current and the ideal location and why?By the method of comparative analysis with ideal location,the paper pointes out that between 52 countries with chinese entreprises already,25 countries are reasonable seleccion,27 countries are unreasonable selection and 7 countries are blank without chinese entreprises,the crux of those unreasonable selection is that they are not the grain producer,not the grain exporter,neither with rich arable land resources.Fourth,What should be the next step of forward action for a better location and extension.Combined with the interpretation of goal of Chinese food security,the paper puts forward 3 general ideas about the forward location and extension of overseas grain planting investment:to give priority to soybean and corn producers and exporters,to give priority to the target countries in Africa,South America,Eastern Europe and Central Asia and South-east Asia,to build a structure of diversified continents and countries of overseas food supply bases.Finanlly,the paper advises 8 countries for the priority level of cooperation,15 countries for the junior bond priority level of cooperation,and 7 countries for the general level of cooperation.