众所周知,我们都生活在行政国家里,它是由一系列庞大的行政机构所普遍实施和明确采用的政策塑造出来的。政策的形成取代了普通法分散性、渐进性的运作而成为社会管理的主要调控方式,行政机构取代了普通法院作为实施这种调控的首要方式。所有这些变化都是由立法引发的。在此过程中,立法性质本身发生了重大变化。 It is a well-known fact that we all live in an administrative state that has been shaped by policies that are universally implemented and explicitly adopted by a vast array of administrative agencies. The formation of policies replaced the decentralized and gradual operation of common law and became the main mode of regulation and control of social management. Administrative agencies replaced the ordinary courts as the primary means of implementing such controls. All these changes are caused by legislation. In the process, the nature of the legislation itself has undergone major changes.