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在行为人的行为决定性地影响了因果流程,并由此导致刑法上法益侵害的同时,如果第三人的行为所启动的因果流程仍在发挥作用,则需要考察该第三人是否构成帮助犯。基于从属性原理,要成立帮助犯,帮助者在客观上必须针对正犯实施或即刻实施构成要件的行为加以支持或促进,在主观上则需要认识到自己相应的帮助行为。进一步说,正犯行为创设了危及法益的危险,而帮助行为则是对这种创设法益危险的正犯行为有针对性地给予帮助,从而提高了正犯行为中的危险在现实中实现的可能性。在我国刑事立法和司法实践中,当有明确的犯罪证据时,知情的当事人若仍然对相应的正犯行为有针对性地提供帮助,则均有可能成立帮助犯。
When the perpetrator’s behavior has a decisive influence on the causal process and thus leads to the violation of the legal interests of the criminal law, if the causal process initiated by the third party’s act is still in operation, it is necessary to examine whether the third party constitutes a helper . Based on the principle of dependency, helpers must objectively support or promote the implementation or immediate implementation of the constituent elements of the guilty conscience, and subjectively need to recognize their corresponding help behaviors. Further, the perpetration of criminal acts creates the danger of endangering the interests of law, while the act of helping helps to correct the positive offenses that create legal interests so as to improve the possibility that the perils of perpetrators are realized in reality. In China’s criminal legislation and judicial practice, when there is clear criminal evidence, the informed parties are still likely to provide appropriate help to the corresponding offenders, are likely to set up helpers.