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未成年人是需要法庭突出保护的珍贵而脆弱的一群。~①少年司法制度的发展是一个国家法治建设的缩影,也是检验法治文明与进步的重要指数。作为“全国司法改革联系点”的厦门市海沧区人民法院(以下简称海沧法院)在少年司法改革上进行了前瞻性探索,创设了福建省首个少年家事法庭(以下简称少家法庭)。少家法庭兼具实践性与创新性的制度架构,彰显了少年司法的新趋势。一、问题发现:少年司法机构研究的文献梳理我国少年司法机构的建构受制于受案范围与司法资源的脆弱平衡,而呈现过于地方化的乱象。各地法院大多根据自身审判力量的强弱而非未成年人最佳利益来决定少年法庭的建构模式,这必然导致我国少年司法活动的无序发展。
Minors are a precious and vulnerable group that requires the court’s prominence of protection. The development of the juvenile justice system is a microcosm of the building of a country’s rule of law and an important index for testing the civilization and progress of the rule of law. Haicang District People’s Court (hereinafter referred to as Haicang District Court) undertook a prospective exploration on juvenile justice reform as the “Contact Point of National Judicial Reform” and set up the first juvenile court case in Fujian Province (hereinafter referred to as “juvenile court” court). The small court has both practical and innovative institutional framework, highlighting the new trend of juvenile justice. First, the problem is found: the juvenile judiciary research literature combing China’s juvenile judiciary construction subject to the scope of the case and the fragile balance of judicial resources, and showing too localized chaos. Most local courts decide the construction mode of juvenile courts according to the strength of their own judiciary rather than the best interest of minors, which will inevitably lead to the disorderly development of Juvenile justice in our country.