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为给小麦优质高效安全生产中科学使用杀虫剂提供理论和技术依据,以弱筋小麦扬麦13、强筋小麦烟农19为材料,在开花末期分别喷施推荐、3倍、6倍剂量的阿维菌素、毒死蜱、吡虫啉、乐果4种杀虫剂,研究其对小麦旗叶光合及叶绿素荧光特性的影响。结果表明,杀虫剂处理会改变小麦旗叶的SPAD值、光合速率及叶绿素荧光特性,且剂量越高影响越明显;不同类型杀虫剂对小麦光合速率及荧光特性的影响程度不同,影响较大的杀虫剂是吡虫啉和乐果,其次是毒死蜱,最后是阿维菌素;不同小麦品种对杀虫剂的耐受性不同,弱筋小麦扬麦13比强筋小麦烟农19的耐受性强。杀虫剂处理主要是通过降低叶片叶绿素含量、光系统Ⅱ的实际光化学效率(ΦPSⅡ)和光化学荧光淬灭系数(qP),引起单叶光合速率下降,最终导致小麦产量降低。
In order to provide theoretical and technical basis for the scientific use of pesticides in wheat with high quality and high efficiency, weak-gluten wheat Yangmai 13 and strong-gluten wheat Yannong 19 were sprayed with the recommended, 3-fold and 6-fold Avermectin, chlorpyrifos, imidacloprid, dimethoate four kinds of insecticides to study the wheat flag leaf photosynthesis and chlorophyll fluorescence characteristics. The results showed that insecticide treatment could change the SPAD value, photosynthetic rate and chlorophyll fluorescence of wheat flag leaf, and the higher the dosage, the more obvious the effect was. Different types of insecticides had different effects on photosynthetic rate and fluorescence characteristics of wheat, The major insecticides were imidacloprid and dimethoate, followed by chlorpyrifos and finally abamectin. The tolerance of different wheat varieties to insecticides was different, and the weak-gluten wheat Yangmai 13 was more tolerant than strong gluten wheat Yannong 19 Strong. Pesticide treatment led to the decrease of single leaf photosynthetic rate and decreased wheat yield by decreasing chlorophyll content, photochemical efficiency (ΦPSⅡ) and photochemical quenching (qP).