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苏联社会主义高度集中的模式在后来的发展中,越来越暴露出弊端,最后不得不以失败而告终,引起人们对苏联模式进行深刻的反思,“什么是社会主义”这一严肃课题再次摆到人们的眼前,促使人们去分析社会主义在前苏联遭受挫折和失败的深层原因。在对社会主义的反思和探索过程中,出现了各种各样的关于社会主义的新观点、新学说。其中,“新社会主义”思潮在近几年影响较大,尤其是在俄罗斯国内,引发了一场关于社会主义的大讨论,出现了一些自称为“新社会主义”的思潮和流派。本文着重介绍了俄罗斯“新社会主义思潮”的发展,各流派对“新社会主义”的定义,对“新社会主义”基本原则的阐述,并指出在俄罗斯,“新社会主义”已不仅仅是一小部分的知识分子的倡导,它已成为了一种团结了各个政党、同盟、团体和个别的有识之士的著名社会政治运动——“俄罗斯争取新社会主义运动”。
In the later development, the highly centralized socialist model of the Soviet Union exposed its flaws more and more, and ended up unsuccessfully in the end, arousing people’s deep reflection on the Soviet model. The serious issue of “What is socialism?” Put people’s eyes once again and urged people to analyze the deep reasons for the setbacks and failures of socialism in the former Soviet Union. In the process of rethinking and exploring socialism, various new ideas and theories concerning socialism have emerged. Among them, the trend of “new socialism” has been particularly influential in recent years, especially in Russia. It has led to a major debate on socialism and some trend of thinking of “new socialism.” school. This article focuses on the development of “new socialist trends of thought” in Russia, the definition of “new socialism” by various schools and the basic principle of “new socialism,” and points out that in Russia, “new Socialism ”has not only advocated by a small number of intellectuals, but has become a well-known social and political movement that unites all parties, alliances, groups and individual people of insight -“ Russia strives for new Socialist Movement. ”