随着四个现代化的迅速发展,机床、汽车、拖拉机、船舶、宇航、原子能、化工等机械零件都要求高效、高性能、高寿命,由于热处理或其他原因引起的残余应力,往往导致零件的变形或早期失效,甚至断裂。合理的残余应力分布,却能大幅度地提高性能和使用寿命,因而近年来引起了国内外的重视,并对热处理应力的产生原因、分布规律、调整控制和消除措施,残余应力对钢材的断裂韧性、使用性能和疲劳寿命的影响等进行了广泛深入的研究,并不断地提高应力测定精度和深入地进行应力理论计算。这些对寻求最佳的残余应力分布、不断开发新工 With the rapid development of four modernizations, mechanical parts such as machine tools, automobiles, tractors, ships, aerospace, atomic energy and chemical industries all require high efficiency, high performance, high life expectancy, residual stress due to heat treatment or other reasons, Or early failure, or even rupture. Reasonable residual stress distribution, but can greatly improve the performance and service life, which in recent years caused the attention at home and abroad, and heat treatment stress causes, distribution, adjustment control and elimination measures, residual stress on the steel fracture Toughness, the use of performance and the impact of fatigue life, conducted extensive and in-depth research, and continuously improve the accuracy of stress measurement and in-depth stress theory calculations. These are constantly seeking new ways to find the best possible residual stress distribution