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地坑窑院以纯生土为材料建造,源于自然、融于自然、归于自然,是典型的能源自维持住宅。但水患是其致命的灾害,一旦遭遇连续降雨或短时强降雨就会造成院毁窑塌的灾难性事故。因此建立地坑窑院防水患机制,提高窑居自身防御水患的能力始终是地坑窑院民居面临的挑战。本文以豫西地坑窑院民居为研究对象,探讨了强降雨作用下地坑窑院防水患机制,分析其构成及运行模式,提出了基于运行计算模型的评价方法,对地坑窑院防水患机制运行有效性进行定量分析。分析表明:地坑窑院防水患机制的组织要素及构成方式提供了一个立体的水患综合防御体系,它具有良好的防排水能力;经计算,当窑背土体进行压实处理使渗透系数小于0.06 mm/min时,防渗排水能力最优;渗井深度6~8 m的设置是合理可靠的。
The pit kiln courtyard is made of purely earthy material, originating from nature, melting into nature and being natural. It is a typical self-sustaining energy house. However, flooding is a deadly disaster and catastrophic accident can be caused if a continuous rainfall or short-term heavy rainfall is encountered. Therefore, the establishment of pit kiln courtyard waterproofing mechanism to improve the kiln’s own ability to prevent flooding has always been to pit kiln courtyard dwellings challenges. In this paper, the Duguyuan residential houses in western Henan Province are taken as the research object to discuss the mechanism of waterproofing in the pit kiln yard under heavy rainfall. The composition and operation mode of the pit kiln yard are analyzed, and the evaluation method based on the operational calculation model is proposed. The effectiveness of the mechanism to carry out quantitative analysis. The analysis shows that the organizational elements and constitutional forms of the water hazard mechanism in the pit kiln courtyard provide a three-dimensional integrated flood defense system with good drainage and drainage capacity. After calculation, when the kiln back soil is compacted to make the permeability coefficient less than At 0.06 mm / min, the seepage prevention and drainage capacity is optimal; the setting of seepage depth 6 ~ 8 m is reasonable and reliable.