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一维纳米材料(纳米线和纳米管)是能有效传输电子和各种激子的最小维数结构,因此是构筑纳米电子和纳米机械器件的基本组元。采用射频磁控溅射方法,以Ar气为溅射气体,纯硼粉和氧化硼粉为靶材,合成了直径在20～80nm的硼纳米线,这些硼纳米线在基片上自组织成垂直生长的高取向列阵,具有大面积、高密度而离散、均匀性好、平行排列、高定向生长的特点。它的独特特点是具有平台式顶部形貌,详细的结构和成分研究表明硼纳米线具有非晶结构。在合成硼纳米线及其高取向列阵的过程中,没有涉及到任何的模板和金属触媒。相信硼纳米线——一维纳米材料系统中的新成员,会具有很多新奇、有趣、有用的独特性能。提出了一种汽-团簇-固(VCS)机制来解释硼纳米线的形成。
One-dimensional nanomaterials (nanowires and nanotubes) are the smallest dimension structures that can efficiently transport electrons and various excitons and are therefore the basic building blocks for nanoelectronics and nanomechanical devices. Using RF magnetron sputtering method, boron nanowires with diameter of 20 ~ 80nm were synthesized by using Ar gas as sputtering gas, pure boron powder and boron oxide powder. The boron nanowires were self-organized into vertical Growth of high orientation array, with a large area, high density and discrete, good uniformity, parallel arrangement, high directional growth characteristics. Its unique feature is that it has a flat top morphology, and detailed structure and composition studies have shown that boron nanowires have an amorphous structure. In the process of synthesizing boron nanowires and their highly oriented arrays, no template or metal catalyst is involved. Believe that boron nanowires - new members of one-dimensional nanomaterials system, will have many novel, interesting and useful unique properties. A vapor-cluster-solid (VCS) mechanism is proposed to explain the formation of boron nanowires.