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先进的无创神经影像技术(如EEG和fMRI)允许研究者直接观察被试在完成多种知觉、运动和认知任务时的大脑活动。将脑功能成像与严密的实验设计和数据分析方法结合起来,我们可以考察大脑不同脑区的功能以及它们之间的交互作用。随着脑功能成像技术在研究人类决策行为中的日益成功运用,一个被称为神经经济学的新兴领域正在逐渐形成和发展起来。本文中首先对脑成像技术进行一个总体介绍,重点在于探讨近年来在多体素分析和多模态数据整合的最新进展。接下来,我们以风险决策、跨时间选择以及社会决策领域的几个研究为例,阐述神经影像技术如何能加深和拓展我们对人类决策的认识。最后,我们讨论了神经经济学中研究中面临的一些挑战以及未来的研究方向。
Advanced non-invasive neuroimaging techniques, such as EEG and fMRI, allow researchers to directly observe subjects’ brain activity while performing a variety of perception, motor and cognitive tasks. Combining brain imaging with rigorous experimental design and data analysis methods, we examine the functions of different brain regions of the brain and the interactions between them. With the increasingly successful application of brain imaging technology in the study of human decision-making, an emerging field called neuroeconomics is gradually being formed and developed. In this paper, an overview of brain imaging techniques is first introduced, focusing on the recent advances in multi-voxel analysis and multimodal data integration. Next, we illustrate how neuroimaging can deepen and broaden our understanding of human decision making, using several studies in the areas of risk decision making, cross-time choice, and social decision making as an example. Finally, we discuss some of the challenges in neuroeconomics and the future direction of research.