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针对奶牛养殖场粪便含水率高,堆肥处理成本高的特点,采用以干燥玉米秸秆为调理剂,在较高初始含水率条件下(70%～80%),进行了强制通风堆肥槽和翻转式堆肥仓的对比试验,并且探讨了晾晒脱水作为预处理对堆肥效果的影响。结果表明,各处理堆体升温迅速,且均在50℃以上维持8～12d,满足堆肥无害化的卫生标准(GB7959—1987)要求。至堆肥结束时,各处理含水率均降至40%以下,C/N均降至20以下,WSOC均低于16g·kg-1,NH4+-N含量均低于0.4g·kg-1;除采用堆肥槽在初始含水率为65%下堆肥NH4+-N/NO3--N>3尚未腐熟完全外,其他处理NH4+-N/NO3--N均小于0.5,腐熟情况较好;所有处理的GI均大于50%,其中采用堆肥槽在较高初始含水率堆肥和晾晒预处理后堆肥GI已达80%,基本消除了植物毒性。采用较为开放的堆肥槽时,以玉米秸秆作调理剂,在较高的初始含水率条件下堆肥效果更好;以晾晒脱水作为预处理后堆肥,可减少所需调理剂的用量,节约了堆肥的成本。
In view of the high moisture content of manure farm and the high cost of compost treatment in dairy farms, forced-air compost troughs and tumblers were used at high initial moisture content (70% ~ 80%) with dry corn stalks as conditioner. Compost warehouse comparisons test, and discussed the drying of dehydration as a pretreatment on the compost effect. The results showed that the temperature of each pile increased quickly and maintained at above 50 ℃ for 8 ~ 12d, meeting the sanitary standards of composting (GB7959-1987). At the end of composting, the water content of each treatment decreased below 40%, the C / N decreased below 20, the WSOC values were lower than 16g · kg-1, and the contents of NH4 + -N were below 0.4g · kg-1. The compost NH4 + -N / NO3 - N> 3 was not completely decomposed at the initial moisture content of 65% in the compost tank. The other treatments NH4 + -N / NO3 - N were less than 0.5 and the compost was good. Which is more than 50%. The composting tank with high initial moisture composting and drying pretreatment has reached 80% composting tank, basically eliminating the phytotoxicity. When using a more open composting tank, using corn stalks as a conditioner, the composting effect is better under the condition of a higher initial water content; drying to dehydrate as compost after pretreatment can reduce the amount of the required conditioner and save compost the cost of.