本文以历史实录为据,从不同的视角阐述了明代南京国子监的创建是明制建设重要的组成部分,是朱元璋明代政治制度设计的成果之一。为了改变明初治国精英人才匮乏的现状,朱元璋创造性地革新了南京国子监的教育制度和措施;严苛的国子监监规的制定和运行是明初复杂政治现状合乎逻辑的必然;明代科举是南京国子监创建目标的异化,是专制政体下国子监发展的必然趋势。 Based on the historical records, this article illustrates from different perspectives the creation of the Nanjing Imperial College in the Ming Dynasty is an important part of the system of Ming Dynasty and one of the achievements of Zhu Yuanzhang’s political system design in the Ming Dynasty. In order to change the current situation that the elites of the elite in the state were deficient in the early Ming Dynasty, the emperor Zhuang creatively innovated the educational system and measures of the Nanjing Imperial College. The drafting and running of the rigorous state superintendency rules are logical and inevitable for the complicated political situation in the early Ming Dynasty. The alienation of the goal is the inevitable trend of the development of the Imperial College under the authoritarian government.