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通过对255份怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源的24个形态性状进行评价,分析其遗传多样性。结果表明,怒江干热河谷杧果种质资源的果实单果重量、果实长度、果核重量、果核长度、果实形状、果皮颜色、果肉颜色、果实香气、果实风味、果实成熟期等形态性状均具有丰富的多样性。11个数量性状的变异系数为12.44%~56.44%,其中果实单果重量的变异系数最大,叶片宽度最小;13个质量性状的Shannon-weaver指数范围为0.68~2.21,平均值为1.42,其中果肉颜色指数最大,叶片质地指数最小。聚类结果将255份杧果材料聚为3大类,其中果皮厚,果小,种核大,可食率低,早熟,品味酸甜,品质差的杧果种质占很大比例。这些种质资源在不同地区收集的材料之间存在明显的遗传差异,但部分地区内的杧果材料表现出明显的遗传分化。通过表型评价鉴定,初步筛选出具有独特香气、反季节开花结果、早熟、小果型、高产等性状的特异种质资源35份。
Twenty-four morphological traits of mango germplasm resources in 255 dry-hot valleys of Nujiang were evaluated, and their genetic diversity was analyzed. The results showed that the morphological traits of fruit weight, fruit length, fruit weight, fruit length, fruit shape, pericarp color, fruit color, fruit aroma, fruit ripening and fruit ripening were all higher in germplasm resources of mango dry-hot valley Rich in diversity. The coefficient of variation of eleven quantitative traits was 12.44% ~ 56.44%, and the coefficient of variation of the fruit weight was the largest with the smallest leaf width. The Shannon-weaver index of 13 quality traits ranged from 0.68 to 2.21 with an average of 1.42, The largest index, leaf texture index minimum. The results of clustering gathered 255 pieces of mango material into 3 categories, of which the pericarp was thick, with small fruit, large seed kernel, low edible rate, early maturity, sweet and sour taste and high quality. There was a clear genetic difference between the materials collected from these germplasm resources in different regions, but the fruit materials in some regions showed obvious genetic differentiation. Through the phenotypic evaluation and identification, we initially screened out 35 specific germplasm resources with unique aroma, anti-seasonal flowering results, early maturity, small fruit, high yield and other traits.