提出了利用激光等离子体（冲击波衰减成的）声波对高功率激光与材料相互作用过程进行诊断的方法。实际测量了波长为０．５３μｍ激光与几种金属材料相互作用的过程，其结果与采用其它方法得到的结果基本吻合。 The method to diagnose the interaction between high power laser and material by using the acoustic wave of laser plasma (shock wave attenuation) is proposed. The process of interaction between 0.53μm laser and several metallic materials was measured. The results are in good agreement with those obtained by other methods.