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产品责任自身特征以及产品缺陷的定义问题,使得受害人很难证明惩罚性赔偿中“明知产品存在缺陷”的要件,因此侵权责任法中的惩罚性赔偿条款在司法实践中被束之高阁。在现有立法前提下,司法可以发挥能动性,加强该条款的适用。为减少各方对惩罚性赔偿的排斥心理,适用法律时应当以遏制而非惩罚为原则。应该双管齐下,一方面通过明确明知内涵、确定行为标准和举证责任倒置解决明知的证明困境;另一方面,要摒弃产品质量法有关产品缺陷的定义,突显产品存在危及人身、他人财产安全的不合理危险的核心内容,并从制造缺陷、设计缺陷、标准缺陷三方面扩大产品缺陷的内涵,以减少产品缺陷的证明难度。同时强化销售者的责任,向产品的销售者请求赔偿应当不仅包括补偿性赔偿责任,也包括惩罚性赔偿责任。
The definition of product liability and the definition of product defect make it difficult for the victim to prove that the punitive damages clause in tort liability is shelved in judicial practice. Under the existing legislation, the judiciary can exert its initiative and strengthen the application of the clause. In order to reduce the psychological exclusion of punitive damages from all parties, the principle of deterrence rather than punishment should be applied when applying the law. The two-pronged approach should be adopted. On the one hand, by clearly knowing the connotation, determining the standard of conduct and reversing the burden of proof to clearly know the dilemma of the proof; on the other hand, we should abandon the definition of product defects in the Product Quality Law, highlighting the unreasonable product safety Dangerous core content, and expand the connotation of product defects from three aspects of manufacturing defects, design defects and standard defects in order to reduce the difficulty of product defects proof. At the same time to strengthen the responsibility of the seller, the seller of the product to seek compensation should not only include compensatory liability, but also include punitive damages.