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Scientists announced on Sunday the first direct evidence that massive floods deep below Antarctica’s ice cover are speeding up the flow of glaciers(冰川)into the sea.
How quickly these huge bodies of ice 1 off the Antarctic and Greenland land masses into the ocean 2 determine the speed at which sea levels rise.
The results are frightening: An increase measured in tens of centimeters could make hundreds of millions of people in danger, 3 in low-lying deltas and island nations 4 the world.
Researchers discoveried only recently that invisible 5 in Antarctica periodically 6 flow a lot.
Data collected 7 a satellite launched in 2003—the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite, or ICESat—showed a 8 network of water flow in which water periodically flows from one 9 lake to another.
But the new study, 10 online in the journal Nature Geoscience, is the first to 11 the potential impact of this invisible flooding on sea-bound glaciers.
The three of scientists 12 by Leigh Stearns of the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine matched ICESat data against a nearly 50-year 13 of how fast the Byrd Glacier in East Antarctica has 14 toward the sea.
They discovered that during the same 14-month 15 that 1.7 cubic km of water flowed through network waterways, the 75-km long glacier downstream speed up, moving about 10 percent faster.
“Our findings 16 direct evidence that an active lake drainage(排水)system can 17 large and rapid changes in glacier movements,”the researchers 18.
“Water acts as a lubricant(润滑剂), 19 friction(摩擦) at the base of the ice and making ice flow faster,”explained Helen Fricker of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of California in a commentary, also in Nature Geoscience.
The study 20 to growing scientific concern about the pace at which glaciers are melting into the seas.
1. A. walk B. slide C. jump D. run
2. A. stop B. cause C. help D. prevent
3. A. travelling B. working C. living D. visiting
4. A. around B. on C. at D. above
5. A. stream B. pool C. sea D. lakes
6. A. might B. must C. need D. should
7. A. as B. past C. on D. by
8. A. simple B. complex C. interesting D. invisible
9. A. hidden B. studied C. opened D. stopped
10. A. written B. published C. said D. put
11. A. watch B. look C. count D. measure
12. A. brought B. instructed C. led D. taken
13. A. record B. discovery C. level D. invention
14. A. played B. moved C. acted D. stayed
15. A. date B. week C. moment D. period
16. A. move B. prove C. provide D. seem
17. A. make B. cause C. take D. give
18. A. concluded B. said C. told D. showed
19. A. adding B. preventing C. equaling D. reducing
20. A. reduces B. relates C. adds D. adapted
答案与解析
1. B。据文章首句,“……南极冰层下的大规模水流正加速冰川流向海洋”的语境,庞大的冰川正从南极大陆和格陵兰岛滑落漂向海洋。run有“流淌”之意,没有“滑行、滑落”之意。故用slide。
2. C。联系前后文理解,这些冰川漂移的速度直接决定了海平面升高的速度。这里help意为“有助于”,此语境可翻译为“直接”。而cause后面不能直接跟动词原形。故用help。
3. C。据语境,海平面升高几十厘米就足以威胁居住在地势较低的三角洲及岛国地区的亿万人民的生存。这里living短语作定语,修饰people。working只表示“工作,劳动”,没有“生活、居住”词义概括全面。
4. A。这里指的是“全世界各处地势较低的三角洲及岛国地区”,故用around the world。本题中B干扰性最大,但是它不合习惯用法;习惯上表示“在世界上”用in the world,“在世界各处”用around the world。
5. D。联系前后文,研究人员最近发现,南极冰层下隐秘的湖泊会发生周期性的倾泻。南极冰层下隐秘的湖泊,不是溪流、池塘或海洋。
6. A。据语境,是发现隐秘的湖泊可能会发生周期性的倾泻。是一种可能性,不是需要或应该。
7. D。据句意和习惯搭配,通过卫星(ICESat)收集数据。“通过某方式”用by。
8. B。联系前后文,南极冰层下有一个复杂的湖泊排水网络,是难以弄清楚的。故用complex。invisible“看不见的”并不一定是“复杂的”;应用“复杂的”合乎情景。
9. A。从前文的invisible lakes in Antarctica periodically和语境理解推知一定是“隐秘的湖泊”。
10. B。据后文,其意为“该研究成果在《自然地学》期刊的网络版上发表”。“发表、出版”用published合适。written仅表示“写”,但没有“公开发表”的意思。
11. D。据语境,这项最新研究首次估量了海洋冰川下隐秘水流的潜在影响。“估量、测量”用measure表示。count只有“计算”的意思,没有“测量”之意。
12. C。据句意,这里是指以美国缅因州大学气候变化学院的斯特恩斯为首的三位科学家,“以某某为首,由某某领导”用led。instructed意为“指导”,没有“领导”的意思,此处意为“三位科学家以Leigh Stearns为核心领导”。
13. A。联系前后文,三位科学家将卫星数据与南极东部的伯德冰川在过去近50年中移向海洋的速度记录进行了对比。“记录,记载”用record。level意为“水平,标准”,不能表示“记录,记载”。
14. B。据前后文理解,这里指的是南极东部的伯德冰川在过去近50年中移向海洋。“移向某地”用moved。acted意为“行为,做事,扮演”,一般是人作主语。
15. D。据情景理解,研究人员发现,在14个月期间,冰层下湖泊溢出了1.7立方千米的水……表示“……期间”用period。
16. C。联系后文理解,我们的研究结果为此提供了直接证据。“提供”用provide。prove后跟被证明的内容,不能跟evidence搭配。
17. B。据情景,“活跃的湖泊排水系统会导致冰川运动出现大规模、快速的变化。“引起,导致”用cause。make表示“生产,做成”,不能表示“由某某原因引起”。
18. A。联系前后文理解,研究人员由此得出结论。“得出结论,推断”习惯用conclude。said只表示“说”,不能表示“根据现象推理”。
19. D。联系后文理解,“水可起到润滑剂的作用,减少了冰层底部的摩擦”。“减少”用reduce。prevent意为“阻止”。而润滑剂的作用不是阻止摩擦,而是减少摩擦。
20. C。联系此次研究估量的结果,该研究进一步加剧了科学家对冰川融化速度的担忧。“加剧”用add to。relate to意为“与某某相关”,没有“加剧”合题意。
编辑/梁宇清
How quickly these huge bodies of ice 1 off the Antarctic and Greenland land masses into the ocean 2 determine the speed at which sea levels rise.
The results are frightening: An increase measured in tens of centimeters could make hundreds of millions of people in danger, 3 in low-lying deltas and island nations 4 the world.
Researchers discoveried only recently that invisible 5 in Antarctica periodically 6 flow a lot.
Data collected 7 a satellite launched in 2003—the Ice, Cloud and Land Elevation Satellite, or ICESat—showed a 8 network of water flow in which water periodically flows from one 9 lake to another.
But the new study, 10 online in the journal Nature Geoscience, is the first to 11 the potential impact of this invisible flooding on sea-bound glaciers.
The three of scientists 12 by Leigh Stearns of the Climate Change Institute at the University of Maine matched ICESat data against a nearly 50-year 13 of how fast the Byrd Glacier in East Antarctica has 14 toward the sea.
They discovered that during the same 14-month 15 that 1.7 cubic km of water flowed through network waterways, the 75-km long glacier downstream speed up, moving about 10 percent faster.
“Our findings 16 direct evidence that an active lake drainage(排水)system can 17 large and rapid changes in glacier movements,”the researchers 18.
“Water acts as a lubricant(润滑剂), 19 friction(摩擦) at the base of the ice and making ice flow faster,”explained Helen Fricker of the Scripps Institution of Oceanography of California in a commentary, also in Nature Geoscience.
The study 20 to growing scientific concern about the pace at which glaciers are melting into the seas.
1. A. walk B. slide C. jump D. run
2. A. stop B. cause C. help D. prevent
3. A. travelling B. working C. living D. visiting
4. A. around B. on C. at D. above
5. A. stream B. pool C. sea D. lakes
6. A. might B. must C. need D. should
7. A. as B. past C. on D. by
8. A. simple B. complex C. interesting D. invisible
9. A. hidden B. studied C. opened D. stopped
10. A. written B. published C. said D. put
11. A. watch B. look C. count D. measure
12. A. brought B. instructed C. led D. taken
13. A. record B. discovery C. level D. invention
14. A. played B. moved C. acted D. stayed
15. A. date B. week C. moment D. period
16. A. move B. prove C. provide D. seem
17. A. make B. cause C. take D. give
18. A. concluded B. said C. told D. showed
19. A. adding B. preventing C. equaling D. reducing
20. A. reduces B. relates C. adds D. adapted
答案与解析
1. B。据文章首句,“……南极冰层下的大规模水流正加速冰川流向海洋”的语境,庞大的冰川正从南极大陆和格陵兰岛滑落漂向海洋。run有“流淌”之意,没有“滑行、滑落”之意。故用slide。
2. C。联系前后文理解,这些冰川漂移的速度直接决定了海平面升高的速度。这里help意为“有助于”,此语境可翻译为“直接”。而cause后面不能直接跟动词原形。故用help。
3. C。据语境,海平面升高几十厘米就足以威胁居住在地势较低的三角洲及岛国地区的亿万人民的生存。这里living短语作定语,修饰people。working只表示“工作,劳动”,没有“生活、居住”词义概括全面。
4. A。这里指的是“全世界各处地势较低的三角洲及岛国地区”,故用around the world。本题中B干扰性最大,但是它不合习惯用法;习惯上表示“在世界上”用in the world,“在世界各处”用around the world。
5. D。联系前后文,研究人员最近发现,南极冰层下隐秘的湖泊会发生周期性的倾泻。南极冰层下隐秘的湖泊,不是溪流、池塘或海洋。
6. A。据语境,是发现隐秘的湖泊可能会发生周期性的倾泻。是一种可能性,不是需要或应该。
7. D。据句意和习惯搭配,通过卫星(ICESat)收集数据。“通过某方式”用by。
8. B。联系前后文,南极冰层下有一个复杂的湖泊排水网络,是难以弄清楚的。故用complex。invisible“看不见的”并不一定是“复杂的”;应用“复杂的”合乎情景。
9. A。从前文的invisible lakes in Antarctica periodically和语境理解推知一定是“隐秘的湖泊”。
10. B。据后文,其意为“该研究成果在《自然地学》期刊的网络版上发表”。“发表、出版”用published合适。written仅表示“写”,但没有“公开发表”的意思。
11. D。据语境,这项最新研究首次估量了海洋冰川下隐秘水流的潜在影响。“估量、测量”用measure表示。count只有“计算”的意思,没有“测量”之意。
12. C。据句意,这里是指以美国缅因州大学气候变化学院的斯特恩斯为首的三位科学家,“以某某为首,由某某领导”用led。instructed意为“指导”,没有“领导”的意思,此处意为“三位科学家以Leigh Stearns为核心领导”。
13. A。联系前后文,三位科学家将卫星数据与南极东部的伯德冰川在过去近50年中移向海洋的速度记录进行了对比。“记录,记载”用record。level意为“水平,标准”,不能表示“记录,记载”。
14. B。据前后文理解,这里指的是南极东部的伯德冰川在过去近50年中移向海洋。“移向某地”用moved。acted意为“行为,做事,扮演”,一般是人作主语。
15. D。据情景理解,研究人员发现,在14个月期间,冰层下湖泊溢出了1.7立方千米的水……表示“……期间”用period。
16. C。联系后文理解,我们的研究结果为此提供了直接证据。“提供”用provide。prove后跟被证明的内容,不能跟evidence搭配。
17. B。据情景,“活跃的湖泊排水系统会导致冰川运动出现大规模、快速的变化。“引起,导致”用cause。make表示“生产,做成”,不能表示“由某某原因引起”。
18. A。联系前后文理解,研究人员由此得出结论。“得出结论,推断”习惯用conclude。said只表示“说”,不能表示“根据现象推理”。
19. D。联系后文理解,“水可起到润滑剂的作用,减少了冰层底部的摩擦”。“减少”用reduce。prevent意为“阻止”。而润滑剂的作用不是阻止摩擦,而是减少摩擦。
20. C。联系此次研究估量的结果,该研究进一步加剧了科学家对冰川融化速度的担忧。“加剧”用add to。relate to意为“与某某相关”,没有“加剧”合题意。
编辑/梁宇清