天主教在日本传播与发展的16、17世纪是日本历史上的重要时期,其在日本的发展和衰落过程颇具传奇色彩。该文通过天主教在日本的传入、发展、兴盛和衰落的过程以及它对日本各个方面产生影响的分析,试图阐释天主教在日本能够落地生根和发展的原因,并结合当时日本国内外的局势和统治者的政策,探究后期天主教遭到打击并被禁止的缘故,进而了解殖民扩张时代的天主教性质和日本战国向江户幕府转变的时代趋向。 The 16th and 17th centuries of Catholicism’s spread and development in Japan are an important period in Japanese history. Their development and decline in Japan are legendary. This article attempts to explain the reasons why Catholics take root and develop in Japan through the process of the Catholicism’s introduction, development, prosperity and decline in Japan and its impact on all aspects of Japan. Combined with the prevailing situation at home and abroad at that time, Ruler’s policy to explore the late Catholic Church was hit and banned sake, and then understand the colonial expansion era of Catholic nature and Japan’s Warring States Period to the Edo shogunate trend.