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举证责任之分配系立法者为防范司法过程中事实无法查明的风险,根据相关法律的归责原则、立法意图等对该风险在诉讼主体之间所进行的一种预分配。在法无明文规定的情况下,举证责任之分配通常表现为法官运用自由裁量权对举证责任在诉讼当事人之间如何分配而进行的酌定处理。由于举证责任之所在,亦为败诉风险之所在,因而举证责任之分配不仅对诉讼当事人而言利害攸关,而且也直接关系着相关法律的立法意图以及目的等能否得以实现。
The distribution of the burden of proof is a pre-allocation of the risk between litigants in order to prevent the risk that the facts can not be identified in the judicial process, according to the principle of imputation of the relevant law and the legislative intent. Where the law does not expressly provide, the distribution of the burden of proof is usually a discretionary exercise of the discretion of the judge on how the burden of proof is allocated between litigants. Since the burden of proof is also the risk of losing the case, the distribution of the burden of proof is not only of great concern to litigants, but also directly related to the legislative intent and purpose of relevant laws.