日本铁路客运的“区域比较竞争下的价格上限规制”克服了投资回报率价格规制对节约成本诱因不足的弊端,导入了竞争和相应的奖惩机制。同时,基于成本的定价方式保留了投资回报率价格规制在投资和质量方面的潜在优势,减少了铁路运输安全的隐患,具有科学合理性,研究其价格规制情况对我国具有一定的启示作用。 Japan Railway Passenger “price cap under the regional competition ” to overcome the drawbacks of the investment rate of return on the incentive cost savings incentives, the introduction of competition and the corresponding reward and punishment mechanism. At the same time, the cost-based pricing method retains the potential advantages of investment regulation in the investment and quality control of the investment rate of return, reduces the hidden dangers of railway transport safety, has scientific rationality, and studies its price regulation to some extent.