从 18 4 0年鸦片战争开始的中国近代史究竟意味着什么 ?对此 ,近代史研究是否已经明白无误 ?我不敢说。习惯于“文明冲突说”的史学家们似乎总也摆脱不了“西方中心论”或“帝国主义侵略论”两论对峙的无解局面。 90年代有学者提出以“一元多线论”为基础的“现代化范式”试图 What does it mean from the beginning of the Opium War in 1840 in China’s modern history? In this regard, whether the study of modern history has been clear? I can not say. Historians accustomed to the theory of “clash of civilizations” always seem to have been unable to get away from the confusing situation in which the two theories of “Western-centered theory” or “imperialist aggression theory” are confronted. In the 1990s, some scholars put forward the “modernization paradigm” attempt based on “one dollar multi-line theory.”