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东北黑土区侵蚀沟道普查是第一次全国水利普查中水土保持情况普查的重要组成部分,也是我国对该区侵蚀沟道开展的首次全面调查。本文全面介绍了本次普查的对象、范围、内容、技术方法、质量控制和成果,对进一步规范和完善侵蚀沟道调查方法、分级分类标准以及开展东北黑土区侵蚀沟道治理意义重大。东北黑土区侵蚀沟道普查以2.5 m分辨率遥感影像和1∶5万数字线划图为主要信息源,采取人机交互的方式辨识50 km2小流域内长度在100 m和5 000 m之间的侵蚀沟道,提取沟道面积、长度、纵比和起讫经纬度等指标。在沟道提取、数据填报和成果审核汇总等阶段,县级、省级和流域等各级普查机构通过野外核查、室内检查和数据比对等严格的质量控制方法,对侵蚀沟道的遥感解译与识别、沟道勾绘精度、图形数据接边进行审核,保证普查结果的全面性和准确性。经调查东北黑土区共有侵蚀沟道29万5 663条。
The investigation of the erosion channel in the black soil area in northeast China is an important part of the first general survey of soil and water conservation in the national water census and also the first comprehensive survey carried out by our country on the erosion channel in this area. This paper introduces the object, scope, contents, technical methods, quality control and achievements of this census in an all-round way. It is of great significance to further standardize and improve the methods of erosional channel investigation, classification criteria and the management of erosion channels in the black soil area of Northeast China. Census of erosion channels in the black soil region of Northeast China uses 2.5 m resolution remote sensing images and 1: 50000 digital line drawing as the main source of information, and uses human-computer interaction to identify the length of the 50 km2 small watershed between 100 m and 5000 m Of the erosion channel, extraction channel area, length, vertical ratio and the origin and longitude latitude and other indicators. In the stages of channel extraction, data filing and summary of results review, the census agencies at county level, provincial level and catchment level, through strict quality control methods such as field verification, indoor inspection and data comparison, conducted remote sensing solutions of erosion channels Translation and identification, channel hook drawing accuracy, graphics data to be reviewed next to ensure the comprehensiveness and accuracy of the census results. After investigation, there were 295,663 erosion channels in the black soil area in Northeast China.