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目的探讨青年人急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者危险因素、临床特点及冠脉病变特点。方法对50例<40岁AMI患者(青年组)及100例≥65岁AMI患者(老年组)的危险因素、临床特点及冠脉病变特点进行比较分析。结果青年组主要危险因素有男性、吸烟、饮酒、冠心病家族史。青年组STEMI、有典型症状病例高于老年组,NSTEMI、有心绞痛病史病例少于老年组,发病至门急诊时间、门球时间、门针时间及住院期间死亡病例均低于老年组(P均<0.05)。青年组单支病变及单支病变中左前降支、右冠状动脉病变,血栓病变高于老年组(P均<0.05);双支病变、多支病变及分叉病变等复杂病变低于老年组(P均<0.05)。结论青年人AMI患者常见的危险因素有男性、吸烟、饮酒、冠心病家族史;青年人AMI症状较老年患者典型,就诊时间早,冠脉复杂病变程度轻、血栓病变多。
Objective To investigate the risk factors, clinical characteristics and the characteristics of coronary lesions in young patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods The risk factors, clinical features and characteristics of coronary lesions in 50 AMI patients <40 years old (youth group) and 100 AMI patients aged> 65 years (elderly group) were compared. Results The main risk factors of youth group were male, smoking, drinking, family history of coronary heart disease. The STEMI in young group was higher than that in the elderly group. The incidence of angina pectoris in NSTEMI group was lower than that in the elderly group. The incidence of STEMI was lower than that in the elderly group (P <0.01) <0.05). In the young group, the left anterior descending branch, the right coronary artery and the thrombus in the single-vessel and single-vessel lesions were higher than those in the old group (all P <0.05); the complex lesions such as double-vessel disease, multiple vessel disease and bifurcation lesion were lower than those in the elderly group (P <0.05). Conclusion The common risk factors of AMI in young people are male, smoking, drinking, family history of coronary heart disease. The symptoms of AMI in young people are more typical than those in elderly patients. The treatment time is earlier, the degree of complicated coronary lesions is lesser and thrombus is more.