缺氧缺血性脑损伤(hypoxic-ischemic brain damage,HIBD)是围产期常见疾病,致病机制尚未完全明确,治疗困难,预后差。少突胶质前体细胞(Oligodendrocyte precursor cell,OPC)是HIBD的主要靶细胞之一。缺氧缺血可以通过凋亡、氧自由基、兴奋毒性损伤等途径引发OPC死亡。亚低温、神经营养因子、OPC移植等方法可以通过抑制凋亡、抗氧化应激、拮抗兴奋毒性损伤等机制用于临床治疗HIBD。 Hypoxic-ischemic brain injury (HIBD) is a common perinatal disease, the pathogenesis has not yet been completely clear, the treatment is difficult and the prognosis is poor. Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) are one of the main target cells of HIBD. Hypoxia-ischemia can induce OPC death through apoptosis, oxygen free radicals and excitotoxic injury. Mild hypothermia, neurotrophic factors, OPC transplantation and other methods can be used for clinical treatment of HIBD by inhibiting apoptosis, anti-oxidative stress, antagonistic excitotoxicity and other mechanisms.