目的探讨婴幼儿发生缺铁性贫血(IDA)的病因及联合用药治疗的临床效果。方法选取173例IDA患儿(病例组)进行回顾性分析,另选100例非贫血因幼儿作为健康组,统计分析IDA患儿的发生原因。将IDA患儿中98例采用多维铁口服液+健脾补血颗粒治疗为联合组,75例仅采用多维铁口服液治疗为对照组,对比两种方法治疗的效果。结果病例组患儿的母亲孕期贫血率33.53%、≥6个月添加辅食比例35.84%、伴有常见疾病14.45%均显著高于健康组的13.00%、16.00%、5.00%,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗前联合组和对照组的Hb、RBC、血清铁、血清铁蛋白水平差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗后联合组的Hb、RBC、血清铁、血清铁蛋白水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组患儿的治愈率77.55%显著高于对照组的52.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论母亲孕期贫血、添加辅食时间过晚、伴有常见疾病与婴幼儿并发IDA有一定关系,多维铁口服液+健脾补血颗粒治疗IDA患儿的临床效果优于单用多维铁口服液。 Objective To investigate the etiology of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in infants and young children and the clinical effect of combination therapy. Methods 173 cases of IDA (case group) were retrospectively analyzed. Another 100 non-anemia children were selected as healthy group, and the causes of IDA were statistically analyzed. Ninety-eight children with IDA were treated with multidimensional iron oral solution and Jianpi Buxue granule as the combined group, while 75 cases were treated with multidimensional iron oral liquid only as the control group, and the effects of the two methods were compared. Results The incidence of anemia during pregnancy was 33.53% in the case group and 35.84% in the case of ≥6 months, with 14.45% in the common disease group being significantly higher than that in the healthy group (13.00%, 16.00% and 5.00%, respectively) Significance (P <0.05). There was no significant difference in Hb, RBC, serum iron and serum ferritin between the two groups before treatment (P> 0.05). The levels of Hb, RBC, serum iron and serum ferritin in the combined group were significantly higher In the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). The cure rate of children in combination group was 77.55%, which was significantly higher than that of control group (52.00%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Conclusions The mothers’ anemia during pregnancy, supplementing food supplement too late, and common diseases are associated with IDA in infants and young children. The clinical effect of multidimensional iron oral liquid and Jianpi Buxue granule in IDA children is better than single multidimensional iron oral liquid.