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公允价值计量在美国的发展经历了一个曲折前进的过程。虽然它并非美国金融危机的根源,但金融危机凸显了它的不足。公允价值计量具有“双刃剑”的作用,一方面它的确能够反映企业的价值与风险,为投资者的决策提供有用的信息;另一方面,当市场高涨时它容易出现对金融资产价值的高估,而市场低迷时又容易出现对金融资产价值的低估,造成顺周期效应,加剧金融形势的恶化。在经济全球化日益深入,经济虚拟化、不确定性越来越强的背景下,我国的会计准则制定应该以原则为基础并辅之以必要的规则,使二者匹配使用,最大限度地避免信息不对称可能带来的恶果。美国会计准则的制定更多地体现了美国经济社会生活的特点——众多利益集团对会计准则制定施加压力所带来的经济后果,使得美国会计准则的修订更多地体现为一个政治过程。对中国而言,在会计准则国际趋同的同时也应保持本国特色、符合本国国情。
The development of fair value measurement in the United States has undergone a twists and turns. Although it is not the root cause of the financial crisis in the United States, the financial crisis highlights its shortcomings. The measurement of fair value has the function of “double-edged sword”. On the one hand, it can really reflect the value and risk of the enterprise and provide useful information for the investors’ decision-making. On the other hand, it is easy to appear the financial assets Value overvaluation, and the market downturn is prone to underestimate the value of financial assets, resulting in pro-cyclical effects, exacerbating the deterioration of the financial situation. Under the circumstance of deepening economic globalization, economic virtualization and increasing uncertainty, our country’s accounting standards should be based on principle and supplemented by the necessary rules so that the two can be matched and used to avoid to the maximum extent The possible consequences of asymmetric information. The formulation of accounting standards in the United States reflects more on the characteristics of the economic and social life in the United States. The economic consequences of the pressure exerted by numerous interest groups on making accounting standards make the revision of accounting standards in the United States more of a political process. For China, the international convergence of accounting standards should also maintain its own characteristics, in line with its national conditions.