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李鸿章用近代条约的手段在维护中越宗藩关系上作出三点值得关注的努力。其努力虽然没有取得成功,但这些不为学界所关注的史实可以为李鸿章及晚清外交史的深入研究提供重要事实依据。
Li Hongzhang made three noteworthy efforts in safeguarding the vassal relations between China and Vietnam by means of modern treaties. Though unsuccessful, their historical facts that are not of concern to the academic circles can provide important factual basis for the further study of Li Hongzhang and the late Qing diplomatic history.