外来词是指一种语言或方言从另一种语言或方言借来使用的语言单位,一般为词项。汉语中的外来词通常指来源于外语的、并且词的语音形式(特殊情况下是词的书写形式,指日源外来词)和意义被全部或部分保留的词汇,不包括意译词和仿译词。俄语中外来词范围较广,除了Фонетическиэаимствованноеслово(借音词),семантнческиэаимствованноеслово(借意词)外,还包括собственнолексическаякалька(词汇仿译词)和полукалька(半仿译词)。 Loanwords refer to the unit of language borrowed from another language or dialect, usually a term. Loanwords in Chinese usually refer to words derived from a foreign language and the phonetic form of the word (in the special case, the written form of the word refers to the foreign words of the Japanese origin) and the meaning of which is wholly or partly reserved, excluding the translated words and imitative translations word. In Russian, there is a wide range of foreign words, including собственнолексическаякалька and полукалька, in addition to Фонетическиэаимствованноеслово (loan words), семантнческиэаимствованноеслово (borrowed words).