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要切实回答价值判断和价值选择问题,首先应澄清现代社会的特质和现代人的价值处境。理性化和世界祛魅是现代性社会的两个最基本的特质,在这种背景下,工具理性的单向发展遮蔽和消解了价值理性,世界的祛魅导致上帝退隐和统一秩序的消失,失去终极关怀的现代人生活在一个意义残缺的世界里。现代人的价值处境迫使人们通过道德责任重新确立生命的意义和目的,具有主观性和无公度性的道德责任如何设立自己的根据完成这一历史使命?经过逻辑和历史辩证,能够成为此根据的应当是而且只能是把理性和意志相统一、个体与实体相统一、以自由为本质的伦理精神。
To answer the questions of value judgments and value choices, we should first clarify the characteristics of modern society and the values of modern people. Rationalization and disenchantment in the world are the two most basic traits of a modern society. Against this background, the one-way development of instrumental rationality obscures and dissolves the value rationality. The disenchantment of the world leads to the retreat of God and the disappearance of a unified order, The modern people who have lost their ultimate concern live in a world of incomplete meaning. The value position of modern people forces people to reestablish the meaning and purpose of life through moral responsibility, and has the moral responsibility of subjectivity and unforgivingness. How to set up their own basis to accomplish this historic mission? Through the dialectical logic and history, this can be the basis Should be and can only be the ethical spirit that unifies the rationality and the will, the unification of the individual and the entity, and the freedom as the essence.