一无论是从现实的方面看,还是从历史的方面看,对社会历史合理性的认定都不是一个简单与容易的问题。从共时态的维度看,在人们的现实生活中,面对同样的社会事物,不同的个人、群体和阶级通常会作出不同的评价,甚至是完全对立的评价。例如,面对同一场战争,有的人给予正义的肯定,有的人则给予非正义的否定。从历时态的维度看也是如此,面对相似的历史现象,不同时代的人们作出不同的评价是常有的事。在历史上人们认为是正常的、合理的、公平的事情,在今天的人们看来可能是荒谬的、可笑的与不可思议的事情。相反的情况也大量存在。面对相同的社会历史事物与现象,为什么人们会作出不同的评价呢?其原因既与人们的认识能力有关,也与人们所处的社会地位与利益诉求有关,更为重要的是受到人们所持的历史观的影响。社会历史的评价问题,在一定的意义上也是社会历史的认识问题:对社会历史中存在的事物与现 Whether viewed from the real or the historical aspect, the determination of the rationality of social history is not a simple and easy one. From a synchronic perspective, in the real life of people, in the face of the same social things, different individuals, groups and classes usually make different evaluations or even totally opposite evaluations. For example, in the face of the same war, some people affirmed their justice while others gave them a negative injustice. The same is true of the diachronic dimension. In the face of similar historical phenomena, it is not uncommon for people of different ages to make different evaluations. What people think of as normal, reasonable, and fair in history, may seem absurd, ridiculous, and inconceivable to today’s people. The opposite situation also exists in large numbers. In the face of the same social and historical things and phenomena, why people make different evaluations? The reason is not only related to people’s cognitive ability, but also to people’s social status and interest demands, and more importantly, they are held by people The impact of the concept of history. In a certain sense, social and historical evaluation issues are also issues of social and historical understanding: the existence of social and historical things and the present