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有机农业在国内正处于发展初期,生产技术不完善,经验少,有机水果生产中的植保技术和措施报道也很少。为此,我们选择了昌平区王家园果园作为示范园,进行了有机苹果园病虫害综合防治技术试验。本试验遵循以农业、物理防治为基础,以生物防治为核心,以药物防治为应急措施的有机果园病虫害防治原则,综合采取了土壤培肥,清除果园越冬病虫源,利用黑光灯、性诱剂等诱杀害虫,人工捕捉或捏拿、剪除卷叶蛾等,利用赤眼蜂防治卷叶蛾、捕食螨防治害螨等技术措施。通过四年的试验,王家园果园生物多样性显著增加,害虫天敌数量增加了30%以上,实现了不使用常规化学农药而控制果树病虫害的目的,并且顺利通过了有机转换期,进入了有机生产阶段。
Organic agriculture in China is in its early stages of development, imperfect production technology, less experience, organic fruit production and plant protection technology and measures rarely reported. To this end, we chose the Wangping orchard in Changping District as a demonstration garden, conducted a comprehensive technology control of pests and diseases of organic apple orchard. This experiment follows the principles of prevention and control of organic orchard diseases and insect pests based on agriculture and physical control based on biological control and taking drug prevention and control as an emergency measure and comprehensively takes soil fertility and fertilizers to remove overwintering pests and diseases sources in orchards and makes use of black light and sexual lure Agents such as trapping pests, artificial capture or pinch take, cut off leaf roller moth and so on, the use of Trichogramma to control leaf roller moths, predation mites and other technical measures against pest control. After four years of experiment, the orchard biological diversity of Wangjiayuan Garden increased significantly and the number of natural enemies of pests increased by more than 30%. The purpose of controlling pests and diseases of fruit trees without using conventional chemical pesticides was achieved and passed the organic conversion period smoothly and entered the organic production stage.