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生态系统由三个营养集团组成:生产者(主要是植物),它参与光合作用,用光能合成有机食品;消费者(主要是动物);分解者(细菌和真菌)。太阳能使生态系统运转起来,各个水平上的生物为了生存吸收所需的能量,于是构成了食物链。
The ecosystem is made up of three nutrition groups: producers (mainly plants), which participate in photosynthesis and synthesize organic foods using light energy; consumers (mainly animals); disintegrators (bacteria and fungi). Solar energy makes the ecosystem work, and all levels of living things absorb the energy they need to survive, thus forming the food chain.